Ubuninzi beBentonite Slurry
1. Ukuhlelwa kunye nokusebenza kodaka
1.1 Ukuhlelwa
I-Bentonite, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-bentonite rock, ilitye lodongwe eliqukethe ipesenti ephezulu ye-montmorillonite, ehlala iqulethe inani elincinci le-illite, i-kaolinite, i-zeolite, i-feldspar, i-calcite, njl. Phakathi kwabo, i-bentonite esekelwe kwi-calcium ingahlelwa kwi-calcium-sodium-based kunye ne-calcium-magnesium-based bentonites, nayo.
1.2 Ukusebenza
1) Iipropati zoMzimba
I-Bentonite imhlophe kwaye iphuzi ephuzi kwindalo ngelixa ibonakala kwi-gray ekhanyayo, i-pink eluhlaza, i-brown ebomvu, emnyama, njl.
2) Ukubunjwa kweMichiza
Izinto eziphambili zeekhemikhali ze-bentonite ziyi-silicon dioxide (SiO2), i-aluminium oxide (Al2O3) kunye namanzi (H2O). Umxholo we-iron oxide kunye ne-magnesium oxide nayo iphezulu ngamanye amaxesha, kwaye i-calcium, i-sodium, i-potassium ihlala ikhona kwi-bentonite kwizinto ezahlukeneyo. Umxholo we-Na2O kunye ne-CaO kwi-bentonite yenza umehluko kwizinto eziphathekayo kunye neekhemikhali, kunye neteknoloji yenkqubo.
3) IiPropati zoMzimba kunye nezeMichiza
I-Bentonite igqwesileyo kwi-hygroscopicity yayo efanelekileyo, oko kukuthi ukwandiswa emva kokungena kwamanzi. Inani lokwandisa elibandakanya ukufunxwa kwamanzi lifikelela phezulu ukuya kumaxesha angama-30. Inokusasazwa emanzini ukwenza i-viscous, i-thixotropic, kunye ne-lubricate colloidal suspension. Ijika ibe lula kwaye incamathele emva kokuxutywa nobutyobo obufana namanzi, uludaka okanye isanti. Iyakwazi ukufunxa iigesi ezahlukeneyo, ulwelo, kunye nezinto eziphilayo, kwaye umthamo omkhulu we-adsorption unokufikelela ngokuphindwe ka-5 ubunzima bayo. Umhlaba owenziwe nge-asidi ococekileyo osebenza kumphezulu unokubhengeza izinto ezinemibala.
Iimpawu ezibonakalayo kunye neekhemikhali ze-bentonite zixhomekeke kakhulu kuhlobo kunye nomxholo we-montmorillonite equlethwe kuyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-bentonite esekelwe kwi-sodium ineempawu eziphezulu zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali kunye nokusebenza kweteknoloji kune-calcium-based okanye i-magnesium-based bentonite.
2. Umlinganiselo oqhubekayo weBentonite Slurry
ILonnmeternomgcabentoniteslurryukuxinanaimithayi-intanethiimitha yoxinzelelo lwepulpesetyenziswa rhoqo kwiinkqubo zoshishino. Ubuninzi be-slurry bubhekiselele kumlinganiselo wobunzima bodaka kubunzima bomthamo ochaziweyo wamanzi. Ubungakanani boxinaniso lodaka olulinganiswe kwisiza luxhomekeke kubunzima bubonke boludaka kunye ne-drill cuttings kwi-slurry. Ubunzima bee-admixtures kufuneka bufakwe kwakhona ukuba kukho.
3. Ukusetyenziswa koLudaka phantsi kweeMeko zeGeological Ezahlukeneyo
Kunzima ukugrumba umngxuma kwi-sander, igravel, iileya zengqalutye kunye neendawo ezaphukileyo kwiipropathi ezincinci zokudibanisa phakathi kwamasuntswana. Isitshixo sengxaki silele ekunyuseni amandla okudibanisa phakathi kwamaqhekeza, kwaye ithatha i-slurry njengesithintelo sokukhusela kwi-strata enjalo.
3.1 Impembelelo yeNgxinano yoLudaka kwisantya soKwemba
Isantya sokomba siyancipha ngokunyuka koxinzelelo lwe-slurry. Isantya sokomba siyancipha kakhulu, ngakumbi xa ukuxinana kodaka kungaphezulu kwe-1.06-1.10 g/cm.3. Ukuphakama kwe-viscosity ye-slurry kukuba, isantya esisezantsi sokomba.
3.2 Impembelelo yesiqulatho seSanti kwi-Slurry kwi-Drilling
Isiqulatho sobutyobo bamatye eludaka lubeka imingcipheko ekugrunjweni, okukhokelela kwimingxuma engacocwanga ngendlela engafanelekanga kunye nokuxinga. Ukongeza, kunokubangela ukufunxa kunye noxinzelelo loxinzelelo, okukhokelela ekuvuzeni okanye ukuwa kwequla. Isiqulatho sesanti siphezulu kwaye intlenga esemngxunyeni ingqindilili. Ibangela ukuba udonga lomngxuma ludilike ngenxa ye-hydration, kwaye kulula ukwenza ulusu oluludaka liwe kwaye lubangele iingozi emngxunyeni. Ngexesha elifanayo, umxholo ophezulu we-sediment ubangela ukunxiba okukhulu kwimibhobho, i-drill bits, i-sleeve ye-cylinder yepompo yamanzi, kunye neentonga ze-piston, kwaye ubomi babo benkonzo bufutshane. Ngoko ke, phantsi kwesiseko sokuqinisekisa ukulingana koxinzelelo lokubumba, ukuxinana kwe-slurry kunye nomxholo wesanti kufuneka kuncitshiswe kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
3.3 Ukuxinana koLudaka kuMhlaba oSoft
Kumaleko omhlaba othambileyo, ukuba i-slurry density iphantsi kakhulu okanye isantya sokomba sikhawuleza kakhulu, siya kukhokelela ekuweni komngxuma. Ngokuqhelekileyo kungcono ukugcina ubuninzi be-slurry kwi-1.25g / cm3kulo maleko womhlaba.
4. Iifomyula zoLudaka eziqhelekileyo
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ze-slurry kubunjineli, kodwa zinokuthi zihlelwe ngokwezi ntlobo zilandelayo ngokwemichiza yazo. Indlela yokwahlulahlula imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
4.1 I-Na-Cmc (i-Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose) I-Slurry
Olu daka lolona daka luxhaphakileyo lwe-viscosity-enhancing, kwaye i-Na-CMC idlala indima ekuphuculeni ngakumbi i-viscosity kunye nokunciphisa ilahleko yamanzi. Ifomula yile: 150-200g yodongwe oluludaka olukumgangatho ophezulu, i-1000ml yamanzi, i-5-10Kg yesoda ash, kunye ne-6kg ye-Na-CMC. iimpawu ze-slurry zi: ubuninzi be-1.07-1.1 g / cm3, i-viscosity 25-35s, ukulahlekelwa kwamanzi ngaphantsi kwe-12ml / 30min, ixabiso le-pH malunga ne-9.5.
4.2 Intsimbi yeChromium yeTyuwa yeNa-Cmc eLudaka
Olu daka lunamandla okuphucula i-viscosity kunye nokuzinza, kwaye ityuwa ye-iron chromium idlala indima ekuthinteleni i-flocculation (i-dilution). Ifomula yile: 200g udongwe, 1000ml amanzi, malunga ne-20% ukongezwa kwesisombululo se-alkali ecocekileyo kwi-concentration ye-50%, i-0.5% yokongeza isisombululo setyuwa ye-ferrochromium kwi-concentration ye-20%, kunye ne-0.1% ye-Na-CMC. Iimpawu ze-slurry zi: ubuninzi be-1.10 g / cm3, i-viscosity 25s, ukulahlekelwa kwamanzi 12ml / 30min, pH 9.
4.3 ILignin Sulfonate Slurry
I-Lignin sulfonate ivela kwi-sulfite pulp waste liquid kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngokudibanisa ne-alkali ye-alkali ukusombulula i-anti-flocculation kunye nokulahlekelwa kwamanzi kwi-slurry ngesiseko sokunyuka kwe-viscosity. I-formula yi-100-200kg yodongwe, i-30-40kg ye-sulfite pulp waste liquid, i-10-20kg ye-alkali ye-alkali, i-5-10kg ye-NaOH, i-5-10kg defoamer, kunye ne-900-1000L yamanzi kwi-1m3 slurry. Iipropati ezinodaka zezi: Ubuninzi be-1.06-1.20 g / cm3, i-funnel viscosity 18-40s, ilahleko yamanzi 5-10ml / 30min, kunye ne-0.1-0.3kg i-Na-CMC inokudityaniswa ngexesha lokomba ukuze kuncitshiswe ngakumbi ilahleko yamanzi.
4.4 I-Acid eHumic eludaka
I-Humic acid slurry isebenzisa i-alkali agent yamalahle okanye i-sodium humate njenge-stabilizer. Ingasetyenziswa ngokubambisana nezinye ii-arhente zonyango ezifana ne-Na-CMC. Indlela yokulungiselela i-humic acid slurry kukongeza i-150-200kg ye-alkali ye-alkali (ubunzima obomileyo), i-3-5kg Na2CO3, kunye ne-900-1000L yamanzi kwi-1m3 yodaka. iimpawu ze-slurry: ubuninzi be-1.03-1.20 g / cm3, ukulahlekelwa kwamanzi 4-10ml / 30min, pH 9.
Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-12-2025
