UkuphaphathekakwiNzuzo
I-Flotation yonyusa ixabiso leentsimbi ezikrwada ngokwahlula ngobuchule iiminerali zexabiso kwiminerali ye-ganggue ekusetyenzweni kwezimbiwa ngokwahluka ngokwasemzimbeni kunye neekhemikhali. Nokuba ijongene neentsimbi ezingeyiyo, isinyithi, okanye iiminerali ezingezizo, iflotation idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuboneleleni ngemathiriyeli ekrwada ekumgangatho ophezulu.
1. Iindlela zokuFaka
(1) UkuFaka okuNgqo
I-flotation ethe ngqo ibhekisa ekuhluzweni kweeminerali ezixabisekileyo ukusuka eludaka ngokuzivumela ukuba zibambelele kumaqamza omoya kwaye zidada kumphezulu, ngelixa iiminerali ze-ganggue zihlala kuludaka. Le ndlela ibaluleke kakhulu ekuncedeni isinyithi esingenamvubelo. Ngokomzekelo, ukucutshungulwa kwe-ore kuza kwinqanaba le-flotation emva kokutyunyuzwa kunye nokugaya kwi-copper ore processing, apho abaqokeleli abathile be-anionic baqaliswa ukuguqula i-hydrophobicity kwaye bashiye ukuba babhengeze kumphezulu wamaminerali obhedu. Emva koko amasuntswana obhedu e-hydrophobic ancamathela kumaqamza omoya kwaye anyuke, enze umaleko wegwebu elinobhedu olutyebileyo. Eli gwebu liqokelelwa kuxinaniso lwangaphambili lwezimbiwa zobhedu, ezisebenza njengemathiriyeli ekrwada yodidi oluphezulu ukulungiselela ukucokiswa ngakumbi.
(2) UkuReverse Flotation
Ukujikeleza okubuyela umva kubandakanya ukudada iiminerali ze-ganggue ngelixa iiminerali ezixabisekileyo zihlala kuludaka. Ngokomzekelo, kwi-iron ore processing kunye nokungcola kwe-quartz, abaqokeleli be-anionic okanye be-cationic basetyenziselwa ukuguqula indawo yekhemikhali ye-slurry. Oku kutshintsha indalo ye-hydrophilic ye-quartz kwi-hydrophobic, ukuyivumela ukuba inamathele kumaqamza omoya kunye nokudada.
(3) I-Flotation ekhethiweyo
Xa iintsimbi ezikrwada zineenxalenye zexabiso ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu, ukuphaphatheka okukhethekileyo kuyazohlula ngokulandelelana ngokusekelwe kwizinto ezifana nezimbiwa kunye nexabiso lezoqoqosho. Le nkqubo yokujikeleza inyathelo ngenyathelo iqinisekisa ukuba iminerali nganye exabisekileyo ifunyanwa ngokucoceka okuphezulu kunye namazinga okubuyisela, ukwandisa ukusetyenziswa kobutyebi.
(4) I-Bulk Flotation
Ukuntanta okuninzi kuphatha iiminerali ezininzi ezixabisekileyo xa zizonke, zizidada-hamba ukuze zifumane umxhelo oxubeneyo, olandelwa kukwahlulwa okulandelayo. Ngokomzekelo, kwi-copper-nickel ore beneficiation, apho i-copper kunye neeminerali ze-nickel zidibene ngokusondeleyo, i-flotation ye-bulk flotation isebenzisa i-reagents efana ne-xanthates okanye i-thiols ivumela ukujikeleza kwangaxeshanye kwi-sulfide copper kunye neeminerali ze-nickel, zenza i-concentrate edibeneyo. Iinkqubo zokuzahlula ezintsonkothileyo ezilandelayo, ezifana nokusebenzisa i-lime kunye ne-cyanide reagents, zihlukanise ubhedu obucocekileyo kunye ne-nickel concentrates. Le ndlela "yokuqokelelwa kuqala, eyahlukileyo-kamva" inciphisa ilahleko yezimbiwa ezixabisekileyo kumanqanaba okuqala kwaye iphucula ngokubonakalayo amazinga okubuyisela intsimbi ekrwada entsonkothileyo.
2. IiNkqubo zokuFanta: Ukuchaneka kweNyathelo ngeNyathelo
(1) Inkqubo ye-Flotation yeSiteji: Uphuculo olongezelelweyo
Kwi-flotation, i-flotation yeqonga ikhokela ukusetyenzwa kwee-ores eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokwahlula inkqubo ye-flotation ibe ngamanqanaba amaninzi.
Ngokomzekelo, xa kusenziwa imigangatho emibini, intsimbi ekrwada icolwa ngokurhabaxa, nto leyo ekhulula izimbiwa ezibalulekileyo. Inqanaba lokuqala lokudada libuyisela ezi zimbiwa zikhululweyo njengezigxininisi zokuqala. Amaqhekeza asele angakhululekanga aqhubela phambili kwinqanaba lesibini lokugaya ukuze kuncitshiswe ubungakanani obungaphezulu, kulandelwa yinqanaba lesibini lokudada. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba iiminerali eziseleyo ezixabisekileyo zahlulwe ngokucokisekileyo kwaye zidityaniswe nogxininiso lwenqanaba lokuqala. Le ndlela inqanda ukugaya kakhulu kwinqanaba lokuqala, inciphisa inkunkuma yobutyebi, kwaye iphucula ukuchaneka kokudada.
Ukufumana i-ores enzima ngakumbi, enjengaleyo iqulethe iintsimbi ezininzi ezinqabileyo ezinezakhiwo zekristale ezibotshelelwe ngokuqinileyo, inkqubo ye-flotation enemigangatho emithathu ingasetyenziswa. Ukutshintshana kwamanyathelo okusila kunye nokujikeleza kukuvumela ukuba kuhlolwe ngenyameko kwaye kuqinisekiswe ukuba iminerali nganye exabisekileyo itsalwa ngococeko oluphezulu kunye nezinga lokubuyisela, ukubeka isiseko esomeleleyo sokuqhubela phambili.
3. Imiba ephambili kwiFlotation
(1) Ixabiso le-pH: Ibhalansi efihlakeleyo ye-Slurry Acidity
Ixabiso le-pH lodaka lidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekudadani, libe nefuthe elimandla kwiipropati zomphezulu wezimbiwa kunye nokusebenza kwe-reagent. Xa i-pH ingaphezu kwendawo ye-isoelectric yeminerali, umphezulu uba nentlawulo embi; ngaphantsi kwayo, umphezulu uhlawuliswe ngokufanelekileyo. Olu tshintsho kwintlawulo yomphezulu luyalela unxibelelwano lwe-adsorption phakathi kweeminerali kunye nee-reagents, ezifana nokutsala okanye ukunyanyeka kweemagnethi.
Ngokomzekelo, phantsi kweemeko ze-acidic, iiminerali zesulfide zixhamla kumsebenzi wokuqokelela ophuculweyo, okwenza kube lula ukubamba iiminerali ze-sulfide ezijoliswe kuyo. Ngokuchaseneyo, iimeko zealkaline ziququzelela ukujikeleza kweeminerali zeoksidi ngokuguqula iipropathi zazo zomphezulu ukuze ziphucule ukuhlangana kwe-reagent.
Iiminerali ezahlukeneyo zifuna amanqanaba athile e-pH ukuze adadayo, nto leyo efuna ulawulo oluchanekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, kwi-flotation ye-quartz kunye ne-calcite imixube, i-quartz inokudada ngokufanelekileyo ngokulungelelanisa i-slurry pH ukuya kwi-2-3 kunye nokusebenzisa abaqokeleli basekwe kwi-amine. Ngokwahlukileyo, i-calcite flotation ithandwa kwiimeko ze-alkaline kunye nabaqokeleli basekwe kwi-asidi enamafutha. Olu lungelelwaniso luchanekileyo lwe-pH lungundoqo ekufezekiseni ukwahlukana okusebenzayo kweeminerali.
(2) Ulawulo lweReagent
Ulawulo lwe-reagent lulawula inkqubo ye-flotation, ebandakanya ukhetho, idosi, ukulungiswa, kunye nokongezwa kwee-reagents. Ii-reagents zikhetha ngokukhetha umphezulu weminerali ekujoliswe kuwo, ziguqula ukugcwala kwazo emanzini.
IiFrothers zizinzisa amaqamza kwi-slurry kwaye ziququzelele ukujikeleza kwamasuntswana e-hydrophobic. I-frothers eziqhelekileyo ziquka ioli yepine kunye neoli ye-cresol, eyenza i-stable, i-bubbles enobungakanani bokunamathisela i-particle.
Izilungisi zisebenze okanye zithintele iipropathi zomphezulu weminerali kwaye zihlengahlengise iimeko zeekhemikhali okanye ze-electrochemical zodaka.
I-dosage ye-reagent idinga ukuchaneka-iimali ezingonelanga zinciphisa i-hydrophobicity, ukunciphisa amazinga okubuyisela, ngelixa izixa ezigqithisileyo ze-reagents zenkunkuma, ukunyuka kweendleko, kunye nokunciphisa umgangatho wokugxila. Izixhobo ezikrelekrele ezifanaimitha yoxinaniso lwe-intanethiinokuqonda ulawulo oluchanekileyo lweedosi zereagent.
Ixesha kunye nendlela yokongezwa kwe-reagent kwakhona kubalulekile. Abalungisi, abadakumba, kunye nabanye abaqokeleli bahlala bongezwa ngexesha lokusila ukulungiselela imeko yekhemikhali ye-slurry kwangoko. Abaqokeleli kunye nee-frothers zongezwa kwitanki yokuqala yokudada ukwandisa ukusebenza kwazo ngamaxesha abalulekileyo.
(3) Isantya somoya
Izinga lomoya lidala iimeko ezifanelekileyo zokuncamatheliswa kweqamza leminerali, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe yinto eyimfuneko ekudadani. Ukungena komoya okunganelanga kubangela amaqamza ambalwa kakhulu, kuncitshiswe ukungqubana kunye namathuba okuncamathela, ngaloo ndlela kuphazamisa ukusebenza kokudada. Ukugqithiswa kwe-aeration kukhokelela kwisiphithiphithi esigqithisileyo, kubangela ukuba amaqamza aphuke kwaye akhuphe amasuntswana aqhotyoshelweyo, ukunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle.
Iinjineli zisebenzisa iindlela ezinje ngokuqokelelwa kwerhasi okanye umlinganiselo wokuhamba komoya osekwe kwi-anemometer ukulungelelanisa amanqanaba omoya. Kumasuntswana arhabaxa, ukwanda kwe-aeration ukuvelisa amaqamza amakhulu kuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokudada. Ukufumana amasuntswana amahle okanye adadayo ngokulula, uhlengahlengiso olucokisekileyo luqinisekisa ukudada okuzinzileyo kunye okusebenzayo.
(4) Ixesha le-Flotation
Ixesha le-Flotation yibhalansi ebuthathaka phakathi kwebanga lokugxila kunye nesantya sokubuyisela, efuna ulungelelwaniso oluchanekileyo. Kwizigaba zokuqala, iiminerali ezixabisekileyo zifakela ngokukhawuleza kwiibhubhu, ezikhokelela kumazinga aphezulu okubuyisela kunye namabakala okugxila.
Ngokuhamba kwexesha, njengoko iiminerali ezibaluleke ngakumbi zidada, iiminerali ze-ganggue nazo zinokunyuka, zithobe ubunyulu. Kwizinto ezikrwada ezilula ezineeminerali ezirhabaxa kwaye ezidada lula, amaxesha amafutshane okudada anele, ukuqinisekisa amazinga aphezulu okubuyisela ngaphandle kokuncama ibakala lokugxila. Kwii-ores ezintsonkothileyo okanye ezichasayo, amaxesha amade okudada ayimfuneko ukuvumela iiminerali ezicoliweyo ezaneleyo zokusebenzisana kunye nee-reagents kunye namaqamza. Uhlengahlengiso olunamandla lwexesha lokudada luphawu oluchanekileyo nolusebenzayo lwetekhnoloji yokudada.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jan-22-2025
