Ukutya kunye nokuGxininiswa kweSiselo
Ukugxininiswa kokutya kuthetha ukususa inxalenye ye-solvent ekutyeni okungamanzi ukwenzela imveliso engcono, ukugcinwa kunye nokuthutha. Isenokuhlelwa ngokomphunga kunye nomkhenkce.
Ukugxila koMphunga
Umphunga usebenza ngokwesiseko somahluko oguquguqukayo phakathi kwe-solute kunye ne-solvent. Xa ukuguquguquka kwe-solute kwisisombululo kuncinci kwaye i-solvent ine-volatility ebonakalayo, i-solvent i-vaporized ngokufudumeza ukugxila kwisisombululo. Isisombululo sokutya esiza kugxininiswa sifakwe kwi-evaporator kwaye sitshiswe ngumthombo wokushisa wangaphandle. Njengoko iqondo lokushisa liphakama, i-solvent (amanzi) kwisisombululo iya kuguqulwa ibe ngumphunga, kuba indawo yokubilisa yamanzi iphantsi kwaye kulula ukuyikhupha.
Ngethuba lenkqubo yokuphuphuma, umphunga we-solvent uphunyuka ngokuqhubekayo, ngelixa i-solute (efana noshukela, iprotheni, iiminerali, iivithamini, ii-pigments kunye nezinye izinto ezingabonakaliyo okanye ezinzima-ezinzima) zihlala kwisisombululo esisele ngenxa yeqondo eliphezulu lokubilisa kunye ne-volatility ephantsi. Umphunga we-solvent engumphunga uyaqokelelwa kwaye upholiswe ngecondenser ukuwuguqula ubuyele kwimo engamanzi. Le nkqubo inokubuyisela amandla athile kwaye inciphise ukusetyenziswa kwamandla. Amanzi ajingisiweyo anokuphinda asetyenziswe okanye akhululwe.
Isisombululo sokuqala sigxininiswe kumthamo omncinci emva kokuguquka kwamanzi kunye nokuxinana njengoxinzelelo olukhulayo lwe-solute. Isisombululo sokutya esigxininisiweyo sinokusetyenziselwa ukucutshungulwa okulandelayo, njengokuphinda ukomiswe, iilekese, iijam, iijusi, okanye njengesixhobo esiphakathi sokuvelisa ukutya.
Izigaba ezininzi okanye i-multi-effect evaporation kunye nenkqubo yoxinaniso ihlala isetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwemveliso. Ngokweemfuno zeenkqubo ezithile zokuvelisa, ukugxininiswa kokutya kufuneka kulinganiswe ngokuchanekileyo ngexesha langempela ukuqinisekisa umgangatho ozinzileyo wemveliso kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle. QhagamshelanaLonnmeter, umthengisi wemitha yoxinaniso lwe-intanethi, ngakumbiimitha yoxinaniso lwe-intanethiizisombululo.
Iimpawu eziphambili zoMphunga kunye nokuNxibelela
Ubushushu bokufudumala kunye nexesha kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngokungqongqo ekutyeni nasekuphuhliseni isiselo. "Ubushushu obuphantsi kunye nexesha elifutshane" ikakhulu kukuqinisekisa umgangatho wokutya kangangoko kunokwenzeka, ngelixa "ubushushu obuphezulu kunye nexesha elifutshane" ikakhulu kukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso.
Ukufudumeza okugqithisileyo kuya kubangela ukuwohloka, ukutsalwa kunye ne-caking yeeprotheni, iishukela kunye ne-pectin. Izinto ezicutshungulwayo ezinxibelelana ngokusondeleyo nomphezulu wokudlulisa ubushushu zithande ukukala ubushushu obuphezulu, xa kuthelekiswa nobushushu obujikelezileyo bezinto. Nje ukuba isikali senziwe, siyakuchaphazela ngokumandla ukuhanjiswa kobushushu kwaye kubangele iingxaki zokhuseleko. Umlinganiselo omhle wokusombulula ingxaki yokukala kukunyusa isantya solwelo. Amava abonise ukuba ukwandisa isantya solwelo kunokunciphisa kakhulu ukubunjwa kwesikali. Ukongeza, iindlela zokulwa ne-electromagnetic anti-scaling kunye neekhemikhali zokuchasa ukulinganisa zinokuthathwa ukunqanda ukunyuswa okunokwenzeka.
Viscosity
Ukutya okuninzi kufaka iiprotheyini ezityebileyo, iswekile, i-pectin kunye nezinye izithako ezine-viscosity ephezulu. Ngethuba lenkqubo yokuphefumula, i-viscosity yesisombululo iyanda ngokugxininiswa njengoko i-fluidity iyancipha, ethintela ukuhanjiswa kobushushu kakhulu. Ke ngoko, ukuphuphuma kwemveliso ye-viscous, ukujikeleza okanye ukuvuselela amanyathelo okunyanzeliswa ngamandla angaphandle kwamkelwa ngokubanzi.
Ukuba namagwebu
Izinto zokutya ezineprotheyini eninzi zinoxinzelelo olukhulu phezu komhlaba. Xa i-evaporating kunye nokubilisa, kukho amagwebu amaninzi kwaye azinzileyo, okwenza lula ukuba ulwelo lungene kwi-condenser kunye nomphunga, obangela ukuba ulwelo lulahlekelwe. Uxinzelelo phakathi kobuso lwenzeka phakathi komphunga, ulwelo olushushu kakhulu kunye nezinto eziqinileyo ezijingayo, kwaye izinto eziqinileyo zidlala indima ephambili ekwenziweni kogwebu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-surfactants ingasetyenziselwa ukulawula ukubunjwa kwegwebu, kunye nezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zoomatshini nazo zingasetyenziselwa ukuphelisa igwebu.
Ukonakala
Okunye ukutya okune-asidi, okufana nejusi yemifuno kunye nejusi yeziqhamo, kuqheleke ukugqwesa i-evaporator ngexesha lokuphuma komphunga kunye noxinzelelo. Ukutya, nokuba umhlwa ongephi kudla ngokubangela ungcoliseko olwenza ukuba imveliso ingasebenzi. Ke ngoko, i-evaporator esetyenziselwa ukutya okune-asidi kufuneka yenziwe ngezinto ezinganyangekiyo kwi-corrosion kunye ne-thermal conductive, kwaye uyilo lolwakhiwo kufuneka lube lula ukulubuyisela. Umzekelo, ukuxinana kwesisombululo se-citric acid kunokusebenzisa iityhubhu zokufudumeza zegraphite ezingagxumekiyo okanye i-evaporators ye-enamel sandwich enganyangekiyo.
Izinto eziguquguqukayo Ukutya okuninzi okungamanzi kuqulethe iinxalenye ezinevumba elimnandi nencasa, eziguquguqukayo kunamanzi. Xa ulwelo luphuphuma, la macandelo aya kusinda kunye nomphunga, ochaphazela umgangatho wemveliso egxininisiweyo. Nangona ubushushu obuphantsi bunokunciphisa ilahleko yamacandelo encasa, eyona ndlela igqibeleleyo kukuthatha amanyathelo okubuyisela emva koko wongeze kwimveliso emva kokuchacha.
Umkhenkce Uxinaniso
Ulwelo lwemathiriyeli ekrwada yokutya (njengejusi, iimveliso zobisi okanye ezinye izisombululo eziqulathe isixa esikhulu samanzi) lupholiswa kwindawo yobushushu obuphantsi. Xa ubushushu buhla ngaphantsi kwendawo yokukhenkceza, iimolekyuli zamanzi kwisisombululo ziya kudlula ngendlela yeekristale zeqhwa. Oku kungenxa yokuba amanzi afikelela kumlinganiselo wolwelo oluqinileyo kubushushu obuthile kunye noxinzelelo. Ngaphantsi kolu bushushu, amanzi amaninzi akhululekile aya kukhenkceka kuqala, ngelixa i-solutes (efana noshukela, i-organic acids, i-pigments, i-flavour, njl.
Ukwahlula iiCrystals zoMkhenkce
Iikristale ze-ice ezenziweyo zihlukaniswe kwi-concentrate nge-centrifugation, filtration okanye ezinye iindlela zomzimba. Le nkqubo ayibandakanyi ukuphuphuma kwe-solutes, ngoko inokuthintela ngokufanelekileyo ukuthotywa kwezithako ezithintekayo kubushushu kunye nokulahlekelwa kwevumba. Ugxininiso emva kokwahlula iikristale zomkhenkce yimveliso yomkhenkce enomkhenkce, enogxininiso oluphezulu kakhulu lwesolute kunesisombululo sokuqala, ngelixa igcina umbala wokuqala, incasa, ixabiso lesondlo kunye nencasa yokutya kowona mgangatho mkhulu.
Ukulawula iimeko zokukhenkceza
Ngexesha lenkqubo yoxinaniso lomkhenkce, izinto ezinje ngesantya sokukhenkceza, ubushushu bokukhenkceza kunye nexesha kufuneka zilawulwe ngokuchanekileyo ukuze kulungiswe ubungakanani bekristale yomkhenkce, i-morphology kunye nokwahlula kugxininiso ukuze kuqinisekiswe umgangatho wemveliso yokugqibela. Itekhnoloji yoxinzelelo lomkhenkce ilungele kakhulu ukutya okungevani nobushushu kunye neziselo, ezinje ngeziqhamo ezitsha kunye nejusi yemifuno, iimveliso zebhayoloji, amayeza kunye ne-condiments ephezulu. Inokunyusa umgangatho wendalo wezinto eziluhlaza kwaye ineempawu zokonga amandla kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela nayo inemida ethile. Umzekelo, inkqubo yoxinaniso ayinakwenziwa ngokufanelekileyo inzala kwaye inokufuna unyango olongezelelweyo lokuvala inzala. Ukongezelela, kwezinye izisombululo ezine-viscosity ephezulu okanye eziqulethe izithako ezikhethekileyo, ubunzima bokwahlula iikristale ze-ice kwi-concentrate inokunyusa, okubangela ukunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokwanda kweendleko.
Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-13-2025
