Izithambisi zisetyenziswa kumashishini abanzi afana nemizi-mveliso yeemoto, iikhemikhali, ulwakhiwo, amalaphu, iziseko ezingundoqo, ezolimo, imigodi kunye nokwembiwa kwe-oyile ngenxa yentsebenzo yabo ebalaseleyo ekuxhathiseni ukuguga, ukuthambisa kunye nokuxhathisa umhlwa. Iinkxalabo zokuqukuqela ezifana ne-viscosity ephezulu kakhulu okanye ephantsi kakhulu inokunciphisa ubomi besixhobo kwaye yonyuse iindleko zokulondolozwa. Ngena kwiinkcukacha ezithe kratya ngeLonnmeter fumana izisombululo ezizezona zichanekileyo zomlinganiselo oqhubekayo we-viscosity kumxube we-oyile yelube okanye umgca wenkqubo yokwenziwa. Landela umkhwa wenkqubo yokwenziwa kwemizi-mveliso.
Yintoni iSalathiso seViscosity (VI) seLubricant?
I-Viscosity Index (VI) ngumlinganiselo obalulekileyo ochaza ukukwazi kwe-lubricant ukugcina i-viscosity ehambelanayo kuluhlu lwamaqondo okushisa, ipropati ebalulekileyo yokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekileyo kwiimeko zokusebenza ezahlukeneyo. I-VI ephezulu ibonisa utshintsho oluncinci lwe-viscosity kunye nokuguquguquka kweqondo lokushisa, okwenza kube yinto efanelekileyo kwizicelo ezifana neenkqubo ze-hydraulic okanye ii-injini ezivezwe kwiimozulu ezinzima. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-lubricant ye-VI ephantsi ifumana utshintsho oluphawulekayo lwe-viscosity, enokuthi ibeke esichengeni ukusebenza. Ngokomzekelo, i-oyile ye-mineral eqhelekileyo idla ngokuba ne-VI ye-95-100, ngelixa i-oyile ye-mineral ecocwe kakhulu ifikelela kwi-120, kunye ne-oyile yokwenziwa inokufikelela kwi-VIs edlula i-250.
Ulwazi lweMarike kunye nezicelo zoShishino
Zonke iintlobo zezithambiso kufuneka zinikeze ukusebenza okufanayo naphantsi kweemeko ezinzima. Inkqubo yokwenziwa kwezithambiso iphantsi koxinzelelo olwandayo lokuhlangabezana nemigangatho engqongqo yobulunga, eqhutywa kukunyuka kwemfuno yeemveliso ezikhethekileyo kunye namaxesha amafutshane okuhanjiswa.
Ukudibanisa i-Lubricant kunye neenkqubo zokuvelisa i-oyile ye-lubricant zixhomekeke kakhulu kulawulo oluchanekileyo lwe-oyile ye-oyile kunye ne-viscosity ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwemveliso. Izithambisi eziphezulu ze-viscosity zigqwesa kwizicelo ezinzima, ngelixa i-viscosity lubricants ephantsi ilungiselelwe i-high-speed, i-low-load system. Ikwinqanaba eliphezuluiimitha ze-viscosity lube yeoliyenza ukuba abavelisi bahlangabezane nezi mfuno zahlukeneyo ngelixa beqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokugqibeleleyo, ukunciphisa inkunkuma, kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemigangatho.
Ingaba iSalathiso seViscosity seLubricant simiselwa njani?
Ukumisela i-Viscosity Index ibandakanya inkqubo esemgangathweni. Ifomula yokubala VI yile:
Apho:
- U-U yi-viscosity yesithambiso kwi-40°C.
- L yi-viscosity kwi-40 ° C ye-oyile yereferensi kunye ne-VI = 0, ehambelana ne-viscosity ye-lubricant kwi-100 ° C.
- H yi-viscosity kwi-40 ° C ye-oyile yereferensi kunye ne-VI = 100, ehambelana ne-viscosity ye-lubricant kwi-100 ° C.
Ioli ye-viscosity ephezulu (i-kinematic viscosity kwi-100 ° C> 70 cSt), i-formula ye-logarithmic elungisiweyo isetyenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka. Le ndlela ivumela abavelisi ukuba balinganise ukuzinza kobushushu be-lubricant, baqinisekise ukuba ihlangabezana neemfuno ezithile zezicelo kwinkqubo yokuxuba i-lubricant.
Ukudityaniswa kweOyile yeLube kunye neNkqubo yokuVelisa
Ukudibanisa i-oyile yokuthambisa yinkqubo entsonkothileyo yokukhetha izinto ezikrwada, ukuxuba, kunye nolawulo lomgangatho. I-oyile esisiseko-iminerali, i-synthetic, okanye i-semi-synthetic-iphuma kwi-oyile ekrwada yokusulungekiswa nge-vacuum distillation, i-solvent extraction, kunye ne-hydrofinishing ukufezekisa iipropathi ezinqwenelekayo ezifana ne-viscosity, i-viscosity index, kunye nenqaku lokugalela. Ezi oyile ezisisiseko zidityanisiwe kunye nezongezo, ezinje ngokuphucula isalathisi se-viscosity, i-anti-wear agents, i-detergents, kunye ne-antioxidants, ukunyusa iimpawu zokusebenza ezifana nokuzinza kwe-thermal kunye nokuxhathisa ukubola. Inkqubo yokwenza i-lubricant ibandakanya:
- Ukukhethwa kwe-Oli yesiseko: Ukukhetha i-mineral okanye i-synthetic oils ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno zesicelo.
- Udibaniso oloNgezelelweyo: Ukudibanisa izongezo ezifana nezilungisi ze-viscosity ukuze zilungelelanise iipropati.
- Ukuxuba: Ukuxuba kwiimeko ezilawulwayo usebenzisa iitanki ezinkulu ezine-stirrers ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-homogeneity.
- Ulawulo lomgangatho: Uvavanyo lwe-viscosity, ubuninzi, i-flash point, kunye nezinye iiparameters ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho.
- Ukupakishwa kunye nokusasazwa: Ukufakela iibhotile okanye ukuvala ukuhanjiswa kweemarike.
Le nkqubo icokisekileyo iqinisekisa ukuba izithambiso zisebenza ngokuthembekileyo kwizicelo ezisusela kwiinjini zeemoto ukuya koomatshini boshishino, ngoxinaniso lweoyile yelube kunye ne-viscosity esebenza njengezalathi zomgangatho obalulekileyo.
I-Viscosity ePhakamileyo vs. I-oyile yokuthambisa i-Viscosity ephantsi
Ukhetho phakathi kwe-oyile yokuthambisa i-viscosity ephezulu kunye ne-viscosity ephantsi yokuthambisa i-oyile ixhomekeke kwiimfuno zokusebenza zesicelo. Izithambisi ze-viscosity eziphezulu zilungele usetyenziso olunzima, olunje ngeoyile yegiya okanye igrisi ezisetyenziswa kwisixhobo sokwakha okanye iibheringi zoshishino lwentsimbi, apho:
- Yenza ifilimu ekhuselekileyo yokukhusela ukunciphisa ukungqubuzana kunye nokugqoka phantsi kwemithwalo ephezulu.
- Ukwandisa umthamo wokuthwala umthwalo, ukuxhasa oomatshini abanzima.
- Izinto ezingcolisa umgibe ezifana nobumdaka okanye inkunkuma yentsimbi, ukuthintela ukonakala komhlaba.
- Gcina uzinzo kumaqondo aphezulu, uqinisekise ukusebenza okuthembekileyo.
Nangona kunjalo, ii-lubricant ze-viscous ezigqithisileyo zinokunyusa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye noxinzelelo lwezixhobo. Ngokwahlukileyo, izithambisi ze-viscosity ezisezantsi zilungele isantya esiphezulu, usetyenziso olunomthwalo ophantsi njengeenjini zeemoto okanye iinkqubo zehydraulic, ezibonelela:
- Ukuhamba okuphuculweyo kokujikeleza okusebenzayo kunye nokusebenza okubandayo.
- Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okucuthiweyo ngenxa yengxabano ephantsi yangaphakathi.
- Ukutshatyalaliswa kobushushu obuphuculweyo kwiinkqubo zesantya esiphezulu.
Nangona kunjalo, i-oyile ye-viscosity ephantsi inokusilela ukunika ukhuseleko olwaneleyo phantsi kwemithwalo ephezulu, ekhokelela ekunxibeni.
Ukungasebenzi kakuhle
UkuFakwa amagwebu okuSesichengeni kunye nokuTyulwa: Kukhokelela kukungasebenzi kakuhle.
Ukonyuka kweFriction kunye nobushushu
Ukutyeba okugqithisileyo kuthintela ukuhamba, ukukhawulezisa i-oxidation kunye nokwenza ivanishi okanye i-sludge.
Imingcipheko ebangelwa yiViscosity ephezulu kakhulu okanye ephantsi kakhulu
I-viscosity engalunganga kwizithambiso inokukhokelela kwimiceli mngeni ebalulekileyo yokusebenza, imiba yokujonga isipili ebonwa kwiinkqubo ezifana nenkqubo ye-penicillin fermentation apho ulawulo oluchanekileyo lubalulekile. Ioli yokuthambisa i-viscosity ephezulu ibeka imingcipheko efana nale:
- Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aPhezulu: Amandla amaninzi afunekayo ukuze anqobe ukuchasana, ukunyuka kweendleko.
- Ukusebenza kakubi kwe-Cold-Start: Ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokupompoza umonakalo wesixhobo kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi.
Kwelinye icala, i-oyile yokuthambisa i-viscosity ephantsi inokubangela:
- Ukungonelanga kweFilimu: Ukungakhuselekanga kokhuseleko lomphezulu kwandisa ukunxiba kunye nokungaphumeleli kwecandelo.
- UbuNtunuko boNgcoliseko obunyusiweyo: Ioyile ezibhityileyo azisebenzi kangako ekubambeni inkunkuma.
- Ukonyuka kweFriction kunye nobushushu: Ikhuthaza i-oxidation kwaye inciphisa ubomi be-lubricant.
Le mingcipheko igxininisa imfuneko yolawulo lwenkqubo yokudibanisa i-oyile ye-lubricant echanekileyo usebenzisa i-real-time viscosity monitoring ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okufanayo.
Ixabiso le-Viscosity Measurement kwi-Automation Process Line
Ukubandakanya umlinganiselo wexesha lokwenyani le-viscosity ekudityanisweni kwimigca yenkqubo ezenzekelayo iguqula inkqubo yokuvelisa i-lubricant, enikezela:
- Ukudibanisa okuchanekileyo: Ukuqinisekisa ukufana, ukuthintela iibhetshi ze-off-spec kunye nokudibanisa okuxabisa kakhulu.
- Ukusebenza kakuhle kweendleko: Ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, ukuveliswa kweoli ye-slop, kunye nokungenelela ngezandla.
- UQinisekiso loMgangatho: Ukugcina ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho efana ne-ASTM D445, iqinisekisa ukwamkelwa kweemarike.
- UPhuculo lweNkqubo: Ukunciphisa amaxesha okudibanisa ngelixa ufezekisa iipropati ezifanayo.
- I-Scalability: Ixhasa utshintsho olungenamthungo ukusuka kwi-pilot ukuya kwimveliso epheleleyo.
- UkuFunyaniswa koMba oSebenzayo: Ichonga iimpazamo zongcoliseko okanye zokuxuba ngoko nangoko, ukunciphisa ixesha lokuphumla.
Ngokwenza ulawulo lwe-viscosity oluzenzekelayo, abavelisi bafezekisa imveliso yangexesha, baphucula ukuguquguquka, kwaye bahlangabezane neemfuno zentengiso ekhuphisanayo, ngokuchaneka okufunekayo ekuvubeleni okuqhubekayo kwepenicillin.
Imingeni ngokuBeka iliso kwinkqubo yesiNtu
Inkqubo yesiNtu yokubeka iliso ekuxubeni i-lubricant ixhomekeke kakhulu kwisampulu engasebenziyo kunye novavanyo olusekwe elebhu, olufana ne-Saybolt Universal Viscometer, ebonisa imingeni ebalulekileyo:
- Ixesha lokulibaziseka: Isampuli kunye nohlalutyo lwelebhu luzisa i-lags, luthintela ukulungiswa kwexesha lokwenyani.
- Ukungachaneki: Ubushushu kunye nokucheba ukwahluka ngexesha lesampulu kuchaphazele ukuthembeka kwedatha.
- Ubunzulu boMsebenzi: Ukuthatha iisampulu ngesandla kwandisa iindleko zokusebenza kunye neengozi zeempazamo zabantu.
- Iingozi zokungcoliseka: Iindlela zesampulu ezingahambelaniyo zinokuzisa iimpazamo okanye ungcoliseko olunqamlezayo.
- Ukukala okulinganiselweyo: Iindlela ezingaxhunyiwe kwi-intanethi ziyasokola ukuhambelana neemfuno zemveliso ephezulu.
Ezi zithintelo zenza iindlela zemveli zingafaneleki kwizityalo zokuxuba ioyile yanamhlanje, apho isantya, ukuchaneka, kunye ne-automation ibalulekile ekugcineni ukhuphiswano.
Ukubaluleka koMlinganiselo weXesha lokwenyani ekuDibeni
Umlinganiselo wexesha langempela le-viscosity uguqula inkqubo yokuxuba i-lubricant ngokubonelela ngokukhawuleza, idatha echanekileyo eqhuba ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nomgangatho. Iinzuzo eziphambili ziquka:
- Ukupheliswa kokuHlanganisa kwakhona: Ukubeka iliso okuqhubekayo kuqinisekisa ukuxutywa kwe-spec, ukunciphisa inkunkuma kunye neendleko zamandla.
- UkuNcitshiswa koNgenelelo lweManuwali: Ukuzenzekela kunciphisa ukubandakanyeka kwabaqhubi, ukunciphisa iindleko kunye neempazamo.
- Amaxesha okuDibaniswa aLungileyo: Ulungelelwaniso lwexesha lokwenyani luthintela ukugqithisa okanye ukuxubana, ukonga ixesha kunye nezixhobo.
- Ubuchule boLungiselelo: Uhlalutyo lwe-Onsite lunciphisa imfuno yovavanyo lwelebhu ngaphandle kwendawo, ukusika iindleko zokuthumela ngenqanawa.
- Okuzuzwayo kokusiNgqongileyo: Ukwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-oyile, ukunciphisa inkunkuma kunye neempembelelo zokusingqongileyo.
- I-Diagnostics ephuculweyo: Ilandelela utshintsho lwemeko yeoli, eyenza ukuba kubonwe kwangethuba ungcoliseko okanye ukuthotywa.
Isisombululo seMveliso yeLonnmeter: Imitha yeLube yeOyile yeViscosity
Iimitha ze-viscosity ye-oyile yolube ye-Lonnmeter yenzelwe ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezingqongqo zeenkqubo zokwenziwa kwe-oyile yokuthambisa, ibonelela ngezisombululo ezikumgangatho ophezulu zokubeka iliso ngexesha lokwenyani. Iimpawu eziphambili ziquka:
- Uluhlu olubanzi lwe-Viscosity: Imilinganiselo ye-10-10,000,000 cP, ihlalisa imixube enzima.
- Ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu: Isebenza ukuya kuthi ga kwi-350 ° C, ilungele iindawo zokucheba eziphezulu.
- Ukujongwa koBubushushu obuDibeneyo: Isebenzisa imitha ye-viscosity ye-oyile echaneke kakhulu kufundo lwe-viscosity oluchanekileyo.
- I-Automation engenamthungo: Idibanisa ne-PLC kunye neenkqubo ze-DCS zolawulo oluzenzekelayo.
- Uyilo oluqinileyo: I-Compact, i-sensor-free sensors engenazo izinto ezisetyenziswayo, iqinisekisa ukuthembeka.
- UkuLonwa kweDatha kunye noKhuseleko: Londoloza ngokuzenzekelayo idatha kunye neekhowudi zexesha, ukuthintela utshintsho olungagunyaziswanga kunye nokuvumela ukuhlalutya kwendlela.
Iimitha ze-Lonnmeter, ezifanayo ne-Rheonics' SRV kunye ne-SRD, zibonelela nge-viscosity engaphakathi kunye nemilinganiselo yoxinaniso, isusa ukungachaneki kweendlela zemveli ezifana ne-Saybolt viscometer. Ukukwazi kwabo ukuphatha i-non-Newtonian fluids iqinisekisa umgangatho ohambelanayo ekuxubeni kwe-lubricant, ukuxhasa izicelo ukusuka ekuqulunqweni ukuya kwimveliso yokugqibela.
Ukulawula i-viscosity mastering kuzisa umgangatho ongaguqukiyo, ukunciphisa iindleko, ukomeleza ukulinganisa, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho efana ne-ASTM D445. Qhagamshelana neLonnmeter namhlanje ukuze uphonononge izisombululo zabo zomgangatho we-viscosity kunye nokuguqula inkqubo yakho yemveliso!
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-14-2025
