Inkqubo yeMannheim yePotassium Sulfate (K₂SO₄) Imveliso

Iindlela zoMveliso eziphambili zePotassium Sulfate

Inkqubo yaseMannheim is inkqubo yoshishino yokuvelisa i-K2SO4,impendulo yokubola phakathi kwe-98% ye-asidi ye-sulfuric kunye ne-potassium chloride kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu njenge-byproduct hydrochloric acid. Amanyathelo athile abandakanya ukuxuba i-potassium chloride kunye ne-asidi ye-sulfuric kunye nokusabela kumaqondo okushisa aphezulu ukwenza i-potassium sulfate kunye ne-hydrochloric acid.

Crystallizationsukwahlukanaivelisa i-potassium sulfate ngokugcadiswa kwe-alkali njengeqokobhe lembewu ye-tung kunye nothuthu lwezityalo, emva koko ilandelweukukhupha, ukuhluza, ukugxila, ukuhlukana kwe-centrifugal kunye nokomisa ukufumana i-potassium sulfate.

Ukusabela kwePotassium kloridekwayeI-Acid ye-Sulfuric kumaqondo obushushu athile kumlinganiselo othile yenye indlela yokufumana potassium sulfate.Amanyathelo athile abandakanya ukuchithwa kwe-potassium chloride kumanzi afudumeleyo, ukongeza i-sulfuric acid kwi-reaction, kwaye emva koko i-crystallizing kwi-100-140 ° C, ilandelwa ukuhlukana, ukungathathi hlangothi, kunye nokumisa ukuvelisa i-potassium sulfate.

Izinto ezilungileyo zeMannheim Potassium Sulfate

Inkqubo yeMennheim yeyona ndlela iphambili yokuvelisa i-potassium sulfate phesheya kolwandle. Indlela ethembekileyo kunye neyinkimbinkimbi ivelisa i-potassium sulfate egxininisiweyo kunye ne-solubility ephezulu yamanzi. Isisombululo se-asidi esibuthathaka sifanelekile kumhlaba we-alkaline.

ImiGaqo yoMveliso

Inkqubo yokusabela:

1. I-asidi ye-Sulfuric kunye ne-potassium chloride zilinganiswe ngokulinganayo kwaye zondliwa ngokulinganayo kwigumbi lokusabela kwisithando somlilo saseMannheim, apho zisabela khona ukuvelisa i-potassium sulfate kunye ne-hydrogen chloride.

2. Ukusabela kwenzeka ngamanyathelo amabini:

i. Inyathelo lokuqala liyingozi kwaye lenzeka kubushushu obuphantsi.

ii. Isinyathelo sesibini sibandakanya ukuguqulwa kwe-potassium bisulfate kwi-potassium sulfate, eyona nto i-endothermic enamandla.

Ulawulo lobushushu:

1. Ukusabela kufuneka kwenzeke kumaqondo okushisa angaphezu kwe-268 ° C, kunye noluhlu olufanelekileyo lube ngu-500-600 ° C ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle ngaphandle kokubola kwe-asidi ye-sulfuric.

2. Kwimveliso yangempela, ubushushu bokusabela bulawulwa ngokuqhelekileyo phakathi kwe-510-530 ° C ukuzinza nokusebenza kakuhle.

Ukusetyenziswa kobushushu:

1. I-reaction i-endothermic kakhulu, ifuna ukunikezelwa kobushushu obufanayo obuvela ekutsha kwegesi yendalo.

2. Malunga ne-44% yokushisa kwesithando somlilo ilahlekile kwiindonga, i-40% ithathwa yi-exhaust gases, kwaye kuphela i-16% isetyenziselwa ukusabela kwangempela.

Imiba ephambili yeNkqubo yeMannheim

IzikoIdayamitha yeyona nto ibalulekileyo yomthamo wemveliso. Awona maziko makhulu kwihlabathi anobubanzi obuziimitha ezi-6.Ngelo xesha, inkqubo yokuqhuba ethembekileyo isiqinisekiso sokuphendula okuqhubekayo kunye nokuzinza.Izinto eziphikisayo kufuneka zimelane namaqondo obushushu aphezulu, iiasidi ezinamandla, kwaye zinike ukuhanjiswa kobushushu obulungileyo. Izixhobo zezixhobo zokuvuselela kufuneka zixhathise ubushushu, ukubola kunye nokuguga.

Umgangatho weGesi yeHydrogen Chloride:

1.Ukugcina i-vacuum encinci kwigumbi lokuphendula kuqinisekisa ukuba umoya kunye neegesi ze-flue aziyihlambululi i-hydrogen chloride.

I-2.Ukutywinwa okufanelekileyo kunye nokusebenza kunokufikelela kugxininiso lweHCl ye-50% okanye ngaphezulu.

IiNgcaciso zeMathiriyeli ekrwada:

1.Potassium chloride:Kufuneka ihlangabezane nokufuma okuthe ngqo, ubungakanani bamasuntswana, kunye neemfuno zesiqulatho se-potassium oxide ukwenzela ukusebenza kakuhle kokusabela.

2.Iasidi yeSulfuri:Ifuna ugxininiso lwe-99% yococeko kunye nempendulo engaguqukiyo.

Ulawulo lobushushu:

1.I-Reaction Chamber (510-530°C):Uqinisekisa ukusabela ngokupheleleyo.

2.Igumbi lokutsha:Ulungelelanisa igalelo lerhasi yendalo ukuze kutsha ngokufanelekileyo.

3.Ubushushu berhasi yomsila:Ukulawulwa ukunqanda ukuvala i-exhaust blockages kunye nokuqinisekisa ukufakwa kwegesi okusebenzayo.

Inkqubo Ukuhamba komsebenzi

• Impendulo:I-potassium chloride kunye ne-sulfuric acid zisoloko zondliwa kwigumbi lokuphendula. Isiphumo se-potassium sulfate siyakhutshwa, sipholile, sihlolwe, kwaye singathathi hlangothi nge-calcium oxide ngaphambi kokupakishwa.
• Ukuphathwa kwemveliso:
  • I-high-temperature hydrogen chloride gas ipholile kwaye ihlanjululwe ngoluhlu lwe-scrubbers kunye neenqaba zokufunxa ukuvelisa i-industrial-grade hydrochloric acid (31-37% HCl).
  • Ukukhutshwa kwerhasi yomsila kunyangwa ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho yokusingqongileyo.

Imingeni kunye noPhuculo

1. Ukulahleka koBubushushu:Ukushisa okubonakalayo kulahleka ngeegesi zokukhupha kunye neendonga zesithando somlilo, ukugqamisa imfuno yokuphucula iinkqubo zokubuyisela ubushushu.
2. Ukonakala kweZixhobo:Inkqubo isebenza phantsi kokushisa okuphezulu kunye neemeko ze-acidic, ezikhokelela kwimingeni yokugqoka kunye nokugcinwa.
3. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-Acid yeHydrochloric kwimveliso:Imarike ye-hydrochloric acid inokugcwala, ifuna uphando kwezinye iindlela zokusetyenziswa okanye iindlela zokunciphisa imveliso yemveliso.

Inkqubo yokuvelisa i-Mannheim potassium sulfate ibandakanya iindidi ezimbini zokukhutshwa kwegesi eyinkunkuma: i-exhaust evuthayo evela kwigesi yendalo kunye ne-byproduct hydrogen chloride gas.

Ukukhutshwa kokutsha:

Ubushushu bombhobho wokutsha ngokuqhelekileyo bumalunga nama-450°C. Obu bushushu bugqithiselwa nge-recuperator ngaphambi kokuba bukhutshwe. Nangona kunjalo, nasemva kokutshintshana kobushushu, iqondo lobushushu legesi yokuphuma lihlala limalunga ne-160°C, kwaye obu bushushu bushiyekileyo bukhutshelwa emoyeni.

Imveliso yeGesi yeHydrogen Chloride:

Igesi ye-hydrogen chloride ihlanjululwa kwinqaba yokuhlamba i-asidi ye-sulfuric, ukufunxwa kwi-absorption yefilimu ewayo, kunye nokuhlanjululwa kwinqaba yokucoca igesi yokukhupha ngaphambi kokuba ikhutshwe. Le nkqubo ivelisa i-31% ye-hydrochloric acid, apho ku phezuluukugxininiswa kunokukhokelela ekukhutshwenihayi kudeimigangatho kunye nokubangela ukuba "umsila utsale" isenzeko kwi-exhaust.Ngoko ke, ixesha lokwenyanii-hydrochloric acid umlinganiselo woxinaniso ijika ibalulekile kwimveliso.

La manyathelo alandelayo anokuthathwa ukwenzela iziphumo ezingcono:

Nciphisa i-Acid Concentration: Yehlisa i-acid concentration ngexesha lenkqubo yokufunxangeimitha yoxinano olungaphakathi ukubeka iliso ngokuchanekileyo.

Ukwandisa umthamo wamanzi ojikelezayo: Ukuphucula ukujikeleza kwamanzi kwi-absorption yefilimu ewayo ukuze kuphuculwe ukusebenza kakuhle.

Ukunciphisa uMthwalo kwi-Exhaust Gas Purification Tower: Lungiselela imisebenzi yokunciphisa umthwalo kwinkqubo yokucoca.

Ngolu hlengahlengiso kunye nokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo ngexesha, isiganeko sokutsala umsila sinokupheliswa, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukukhutshwa kuhambelana nemigangatho efunekayo.