Iintsika yoBuyiselo kunyeGob ANONE PukujikelezaeMgodini
I. Ukubaluleka kokuBuyiselwa kweNtsika kunyeGob ANONE Pukujikeleza
Kwimigodi engaphantsi komhlaba, ukubuyiswa kweentsika kunye nokusetyenzwa kwendawo ye-gob yinkqubo ebaluleke kakhulu kwaye enxibelelene ngokusondeleyo eshiya iimpembelelo ezinzulu kuphuhliso oluzinzileyo lwemigodi. Iintsika zizinto eziphambili zesakhiwo ukuxhasa iindawo zokucinga. Ukubuyiselwa okusebenzayo kwezi ntsika kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo izinga lokubuyisela ubutyebi obuphantsi komhlaba kwaye kumisela iinzuzo zoqoqosho lomgodi. Isixa esikhulu sentsimbi ekrwada siyakushiyeka ukuba asikwazanga kufunyanwa kwakhona kwangethuba, oko kubangele inkunkuma enkulu kunye nelahleko enkulu kwinzuzo iyonke kwimigodi.
Ngexesha elifanayo, ukuqhutyelwa kwendawo ye-gob engafanelekanga kunokukhokelela kuthotho lwemiba yokhuseleko. Uxinzelelo oluphantsi luqokelela kunye nokwandiswa kweendawo ze-gob, ukonyusa imingcipheko yokuguqulwa kwentsika kunye nokungaphumeleli phantsi koxinzelelo olukhulu. Oku kusenokubangela ukuwa okukhulu kophahla, ukushukuma kwamatye, ukuthotywa komphezulu, ukuqhekeka, kunye nokuwa, okubangela iimpembelelo eziyingozi kubasebenzi abaphantsi komhlaba nezixhobo.
Ukuchacha kakuhle kweentsika kunye nokusetyenzwa kwendawo kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki ze-ikholoji ezifana nokuphazamiseka komgangatho wamanzi aphantsi komhlaba, uhlaza olungaphezulu olonakeleyo, kunye nokungalungelelani kwendalo yendawo. Ke ngoko, intsika yenzululwazi kunye nesebenzayo yokubuyisela intsika kunye nokusetyenzwa kwendawo yengqondo yeyona nto iphambili kwimveliso ekhuselekileyo, ukusetyenziswa kobutyebi ngokufanelekileyo, kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo. Ezi nkqubo zifuna ukuqwalaselwa ngokubanzi kobudlelwane bazo obuthungelweyo kwizicwangciso zemigodi.
II. Iintsika yoBuyiselo
(1) Iindlela eziqhelekileyo
Iindlela zokubuyisela iintsika zibandakanya ukuyeka okuvulekileyo, ukubuyisela umva, kunye nomqolomba, nganye ihambelana neemeko ezithile ezihambelanayo.
I-Open stoping lukhetho olufanelekileyo lwe-orebodies enamatye azinzileyo kunye neendawo zokuvezwa ezibalulekileyo. Ibonisa iinkqubo ezilula zemigodi kunye neendleko eziphantsi kodwa zishiya iintsika ezininzi ezishiyekileyo. Ukulibaziseka okanye ukuchacha ngokungekho ngqiqweni kunokukhokelela kuxinzelelo olugxininisiweyo, kubangele imingcipheko enokubakho kuphononongo oluqhubekayo.
Ukuzaliswa ngasemva kufanelekile kwi-ores yexabiso eliphezulu okanye imigodi eneemfuno ezingqongqo zokuthoba umphezulu. Kubandakanya ukusebenzisa izinto zokuzalisa ukuzinzisa ilitye elijikelezileyo, ukuphucula amazinga okubuyisela i-ore, kunye nokunciphisa ukuguqulwa komhlaba. Izixhobo eziphambili, ezifanaIimitha zoxinaniso lwe-intanethi ye-slurry, Uncedo s esweni amandla okugcwalisa izinto ngokusebenzisa umlinganiselo woxinaniso lwexesha lokwenyani.Lonnmeteribonelela ngezixhobo ezikrelekrele kwizisombululo zemigodi ezizenzekelayo.Qhagamshelana nathingakumbi kwiimitha zoxinaniso oluludaka kwi-intanethi. Nangona kunjalo, ukubuyisela umva kubangela iindleko eziphezulu kunye nobunzima.
I-Caving isetyenziswa kwiindawo apho imiqolomba yamatye ejikelezileyo ngokwendalo okanye imiba yendawo ye-gob inokusingathwa ngokufakwa ngenkani. Ikhusela ukugxininiswa koxinzelelo kodwa inokunyusa i-ore dilution kwaye ichaphazele iitonela ezikufutshane.
(2) I-Case Study
Thatha indlela yegumbi kunye nentsika isebenza njengomzekelo wokubonisa inkqubo yokubuyisela ngokweenkcukacha. Umgodi wawusebenzisa ukugrumba okuthe nkqo, okumise okwefeni kumacandelo aphakathi kweentsika, ukugrumba iintsika ezithe tyaba, kunye nokugrumba iintsika ezisezantsi ngobunzulu. Ulandelelwano loqhushumbo lwalucwangciswe ngobunono ukulawula indlela yokuwa kwentsimbi kunye nomda. Iinkqubo zokungenisa umoya zaqinisekisa ukuba umoya omtsha ungena kwimizila ye-scraper ngeendlela ezisezantsi; umoya ongcolileyo ukhutshwa ngokungena komoya ophezulu kakuhle ukuqinisekisa umgangatho womoya. Emva koko iintsimbi ezikrwada zikhutshiwe ngokuthe tye kwaye zirhuqwe yimoto yomgodi osezantsi ngokufanelekileyo.
(3) Iingongoma eziphambili ekuBuyiseni kwakhona
Kubalulekile ukukhetha iindlela zokubuyisela ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu ezithile zeentsika kwi-flexible ngexesha lokubuyisela iintsika. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba indlela ekhethiweyo yenza zombini ukubuyiswa okusebenzayo kwee-ores kunye nokhuseleko lokuxhaphaza emva kokulinganisa ngokubanzi kuzo zonke izinto ezifana nobukhulu, imilo, ukuzinza kwelitye le-ore, kunye nokusabalalisa kwendawo ye-orebodies ejikelezileyo, njl njl.
Ukukhusela ukuzinza kweentsika kubalulekile ngexesha lokubuyisela. Ngethuba lenqanaba lokubuyisela i-stope, iiparamitha zemigodi kufuneka zilawulwe ngokungqongqo ukukhusela umonakalo ogqithiseleyo kwiintsika. Ngethuba lemisebenzi yokubuyisela, uxinzelelo lweentsika kunye neemeko zokuguqulwa kufuneka zibekwe esweni ngexesha langempela. Ukuba kukho naziphi na izinto ezingaqhelekanga ezifunyenweyo, isicwangciso sokubuyisela kufuneka silungiswe ngokukhawuleza. Oku kunokufezekiswa ngokufakela izixhobo ezifana nezinzwa zoxinzelelo kunye nabahloli be-displacement ukuqinisekisa ukulawulwa ngokuchanekileyo kweemeko zentsika.
Uyilo lokuqala lwemigodi lusisiseko sokubuyiselwa ngempumelelo kweentsika. Uyilo olufanelekileyo kwindlela kunye negumbi, kunye neenkqubo ezidibeneyo zokungenisa umoya, ukuthutha kunye nokuhanjiswa kwamanzi zonke zibonelela ngeenzuzo kwimisebenzi elandelayo yokomba, ukuqhuma, kunye nokukhutshwa kwentsimbi. Umzekelo, uyilo oluchanekileyo lwe-gradient kunye nobude be-mucking drifts iqinisekisa ukuthuthwa kakuhle kwe-ore.
Imisebenzi yokudubula kunye nokutsalwa kwentsimbi kufuneka ilungiselelwe ngokufanelekileyo. Iiparamitha zokuqhushumba kufuneka zimiselwe ngokwesayensi ngokusekelwe kwisakhiwo seentsika kunye neempawu zentsimbi ekrwada ukuthintela ukuqhushumba kubangele impembelelo egqithisileyo kwiintsika kunye namatye ajikelezileyo. Inkqubo yokukhutshwa kwentsimbi ekrwada kufuneka icwangciswe ngocwangco ukuze kuthintelwe ukufumba kwentsimbi ekrwada, nto leyo enokuthintela imisebenzi elandelayo kunye nokunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso. Umzekelo, ukwandisa isithuba semingxuma eqhumayo kunye nomthamo weentlawulo eziqhumayo ngokusekelwe kubunzima kunye nokuqina kweentsika ezahlukeneyo kunokufikelela ekuqhekekeni okusebenzayo kunye nokubuyisela ngokukhuselekileyo.
III.GobANONE Pukujikeleza
(1) Injongo
Eyona njongo iphambili yokusetyenzwa kwendawo ye-gob kukusasaza kwakhona uxinzelelo olugxininisiweyo, ukufezekisa ulungelelwaniso olutsha kuxinzelelo lwamatye kwimisebenzi yemigodi ekhuselekileyo nezinzileyo. Ukuba ishiywe ingaqwalaselwanga, ukugxininiswa koxinzelelo kwiindawo ze-gob kunokukhokelela ekuweni kophahla, ukufuduka kwamatye, kunye nezinye iingozi.
(2) Iindlela eziqhelekileyo
I-Rock Caving: Iziqhushumbisi ziyawa ezingqonge amatye ukuze zizalise iindawo ze-gob, zinciphisa uxinzelelo kwaye zenze umaleko wesithinteli. Ubunzulu bezinto ezinomqolomba kufuneka zidlule i-15-20 yeemitha ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko. Ubuchule bokuqhushumba obukwinqanaba eliphezulu, obufana nokuqhushumba kumngxuma onzulu, kwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle.
Ukuzaliswa ngasemva: Kufanelekile kwimigodi ye-ore yodidi oluphezulu kunye neendawo ezineemfuno ezingqongqo zozinzo kumphezulu. Izinto eziphathekayo ziquka amatye amdaka, isanti, iintsalela zezimbiwa kunye nekhonkrithi. Ukulawula ngokungqongqo ukuxinwa kokuzaliswa ngasemva kunye nokusabalalisa kwandisa amandla enkxaso.
Ukutywina: Ukwakhiwa kweendonga ezishinyeneyo ezibekwe zodwa kwiitonela zokungena ukufunxa iimpembelelo zokudubula. Le yindlela yesibini, ikakhulu kwiindawo ezincinci ze-gob.
IV. Unxulumano phakathi kweNtsika yoBuyiselo kunye nokuPhathwa kweNdawo yeGob
Iinkqubo zixhomekeke enye kwenye. Ukubuyiselwa kwentsika kuchaphazela ukuzinza kwendawo ye-gob, njengoko ukususa iintsika kubuyisela kwakhona uxinzelelo, okunokubangela ukudilika kophahla kunye nezinye iingozi. Ngokuchaseneyo, ukusetyenzwa kwendawo ye-gob kuchaphazela ukhuseleko kunye nokuba nokwenzeka kokubuyisela intsika. Iindawo ze-gob ezilawulwa ngokufanelekileyo zinciphisa uxinzelelo kwiintsika ezisele, ziququzelele imisebenzi ekhuselekileyo.
Umyalelo wokuphunyezwa uxhomekeke kwizinto ezifana nomsebenzi woxinzelelo, iimeko ze-orebody, kunye nezicwangciso zemveliso. Umzekelo, uxinzelelo olumandla lufuna ukusetyenzwa kwendawo ye-gob kuqala, ngelixa ilitye elibuthathaka linokufuna ukubuyiswa kwentsika ngaxeshanye kunye nonyango lwendawo ye-gob.
V. Izifundo Ezifundiweyo
Yenza izicwangciso ezisekelwe kwiimeko zejoloji, usebenzisa izixhobo zokubeka iliso eziphambili zoxinzelelo lwexesha lokwenyani kunye nokulandelwa kokuhamba.
Thelekisa kunye nokwandisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokubuyisela kunye ne-gob yokucwangcisa indawo kunye nesofthiwe yokulinganisa ukuqikelela iziphumo, ukunciphisa umngcipheko kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle.
Oku kuqinisekisa ukubuyiswa kweentsika ezilungelelanisiweyo kunye nokulungiswa kwendawo ye-gob, ukwandisa ukhuseleko lomgodi, imveliso, kunye nokuzinza.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jan-22-2025
