Imfuno yehlabathi yezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba (i-REE) iya kufikelela kwiitoni ezingama-315,000 ngo-2030, iqhutywa zizithuthi zombane, amandla omoya, kunye nokuveliswa kwezinto ze-elektroniki. Ubonelelo luthintelwe kukufunyanwa kwezinto ezintsha ezinqongopheleyo kunye neendleko eziphezulu zokungena. Iindlela zokuhlola izimbiwa zomhlaba ezinqabileyo ezisebenzayo, kubandakanya ukuqokelela iisampulu ezinoxinano oluphezulu kunye nohlalutyo olukhawulezileyo, zinciphisa umjikelo wokufumana imveliso, obaluleke kakhulu xa iiprojekthi zehlabathi zihlala zigqithisa kwiinyanga ezili-12-24. Amazwe anophando olukhawulezileyo, njengeTshayina ne-Australia, abambe ngaphezulu kwe-80% yesabelo semarike ukusukela ngo-2017. Uphononongo oluphuculweyo lwezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba luvumela ukwabiwa ngcono kwezixhobo, okuqinisa ukhuphiswano njengoko ukuguquguquka kwemarike kusanda.
Ulawulo lweeBanga zoMhlaba ezingaqhelekanga
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Imingeni ekusetyenzweni kwezimbiwa ezingaqhelekanga kunye nolawulo lweentsalela zezityalo
Ukukhupha izimbiwa zomhlaba onqabileyo kujongene ne-mineralology enzima. I-Monazite kunye ne-bastnaesite zifuna ukwahlulwa kweekhemikhali okunamandla, okunyusa iindleko zokucubungula kunye nomngcipheko wokusingqongileyo. Ukukhuhla i-acid yendabuko kuvelisa inani elikhulu leentsalela ezinobuthi kunye ne-thorium, i-uranium, kunye ne-fluoride. E-Bayan Obo, izibonelelo zentsalela zigubungela ngaphezulu kwe-10 km² kwaye zithwala umngcipheko wokungcoliswa kwamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba ixesha elide. Iindlela zanamhlanje zokucubungula izimbiwa zomhlaba onqabileyo zijolise ekunyuseni amazinga okubuyisela ngaphezulu kwe-85% kwaye zinciphise igalelo leekhemikhali, kodwa imiqobo yobugcisa kunye nezoqoqosho iyaqhubeka. Iimpembelelo zentlalo-ntle zoqoqosho ziquka ukulahleka komhlaba, ukunikezelwa kwamanzi axineneyo, kunye noluntu oluchaphazelekayo, oluhlala lunxulunyaniswa neendlela zokwemba ezindala. Amaqhinga okulawula intsalela yomhlaba onqabileyo, kubandakanya ukulahla ngokukhuselekileyo intsalela yomhlaba onqabileyo kunye nokubeka esweni izinto ngexesha langempela, kubalulekile ekuzinzeni nasekuthobeleni imithetho. Ukusilela ukulawula impembelelo yokusingqongileyo yentsalela yomhlaba onqabileyo kunokubangela amatyala okucoca angaphezulu kwe-$100 yezigidi kwindawo nganye. Iiprotokholi eziphuculweyo, ezixhaswa luvavanyo lwe-XRF olukhawulezileyo ekuhlolweni kwezimbiwa, zivumela ukunciphisa inkunkuma ejoliswe kuyo kunye neendlela zokulungisa ezikhuselekileyo.
Ubuchwepheshe boHlalutyo kwiMigodi yoMhlaba engaqhelekanga
Ukuthelekiswa kweendlela zokuHlalutya eziqhelekileyo neziphathekayo
I-ICP-MS, i-LIBS, kunye ne-hyperspectral imaging zezona ndlela ziqhelekileyo zokuhlola izimbiwa ezinqabileyo zomhlaba. I-ICP-MS ifikelela kwimida yokufumanisa ukuya kumanqanaba e-ppt e-lanthanides, kodwa ukulungiswa kwesampulu kufuna ukugaywa kwe-asidi kunye neziseko zelebhu. I-LIBS ivumela ukutsalwa kwe-laser ngaphakathi, kodwa iziphumo ze-matrix kunye nokungafani kwesampulu kuchaphazela ukuchaneka. I-Hyperspectral imaging imaphu iiminerali kwizikali ezibanzi zendawo, kodwa ukulinganiswa kwe-REEs akungqalanga kwaye kufuna ukucutshungulwa emva koko. Zonke iindlela zesiqhelo zibangela iindleko ezinkulu zomsebenzi, ukujikeleza okucothayo, kunye nemithwalo yempahla; ukulibaziseka okuqhelekileyo kohlalutyo lwelebhu ziintsuku zokusebenza ezi-5-15 kunye nemirhumo yesampulu nganye edlula i-$50-$200 kuxhomekeke kubunzima bezimbiwa. Umthamo wesampulu uthintelwa kukuphuma kwelebhu, okudla ngokuthintela ukusampulwa kwemingxunya yokuqhushumba okuxineneyo kunye nokuphakamisa umngcipheko wokwabiwa kakubi komntu.
Intshayelelo kuHlalutyo lweXRF oluThuthwayo
Ii-XRF analyzers ezisebenzisa ityhubhu ephathekayo zivumela uvavanyo oluthe ngqo, olukwindawo yezinto eziqinileyo zeeminerali kunye neentsalela. I-XRF isebenza ngeeathom zesampulu ezinomdla ezinee-X-rays, ivelisa ii-spectra ezithile zezinto ezilinganisa ii-REEs—kuquka ii-lanthanides, i-yttrium, kunye ne-scandium—kwimizuzu embalwa ngokulinganisa. I-Lonnmeter XRF mineral analyzer ifikelela kwimigangatho yokubhaqwa kwi-ppm ephantsi kwi-rare earths, iphatha ii-ore matrices ezintsonkothileyo, kwaye inika uhlalutyo olukhawulezileyo lweebhetshi kwiindawo ezininzi zesampulu imihla ngemihla. Oku kususa ukuthunyelwa kwesampulu, kunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwiilabhoratri eziphakathi, kwaye kuvumela imephu eqhubekayo enoxinano oluphezulu lwesithuba. Ii-assays ze-XRF kwisiza zinciphisa iindleko zelebhu kunye nezothutho ukuya kuthi ga kwi-80% kwaye zivumela impendulo yokulawula amanqaku ngokukhawuleza ngexesha lokuthathwa kwesampulu yemingxunya yokumba kwiiminerali, ixhasa ukukhutshwa kweminerali ye-rare earth esebenza kakuhle kunye namaqhinga okulawula intsalela ye-rare earth.
Uvavanyo lweMingxunya yokuqhuma kunye noHlalutyo lwe-XRF: Ukonga iindleko zokusebenza
Iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokusebenza zixhomekeke ekuthathweni kweesampuli zemingxunya yokugrumba iiminerali, ukuqokelelwa kweesampuli ngesandla, ukupakishwa okuvaliweyo, kunye nokuthunyelwa kwiilabhoratri ezingaphandle kwendawo. Utshintsho oluqhelekileyo luthatha iintsuku ezi-2-10 ngebhetshi nganye; iindleko ziqala kwi-$15–$50 ngesampuli nganye, zibalwa kwiindleko zothutho kunye nohlalutyo. Ukulibaziseka kwiindlela zovavanyo lweeminerali ezisekelwe kwilabhoratri zezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba kwandisa umngcipheko wokwabiwa kakubi kwezinto—okubangela ukulahleka kwentsimbi okanye ukucutshungulwa kwenkunkuma ngokungeyomfuneko.
Uhlalutyo lwe-XRF oluphathekayo lwenza kube lula ukuhlola izimbiwa, nto leyo evumela uvavanyo olukhawulezileyo ngqo kumngxuma wokuqhushumba. Uhlalutyo lwangaphakathi lonyusa inani lemingxunya ejongiweyo ngotshintsho ngalunye nge-3–5×, nto leyo enciphisa isidingo sokugrumba okungafunekiyo. Iindleko zabasebenzi kunye nezothutho ziyehla ziye kuthi ga kwi-70% ngeziphumo ezikhawulezileyo kunye nokususwa kwesampulu yokuthunyelwa.
Ukuhlola, ukucubungula, kunye namaqhinga okulawula i-rare earth tailings zonke ziyazuza ngokufumaneka kwedatha kwangoko. Izigqibo ezikhawulezayo zinciphisa ilahleko ezingathanga ngqo—imizekelo ibandakanya ukunciphisa ukuhlelwa kakubi kwe-ore kunye namandla aphantsi asetyenziswa kwilitye elingenanto, okonga i-$20,000–$100,000 ngenyanga kwiindawo ezinkulu.
Iingenelo zeNdalo kunye nezoLawulo
Imephu echanekileyo yezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo ngeLonnmeter ixhasa amaqhinga okulawula i-rare earth tailings, inciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo ye-rare earth tailings. I-analyzer ilinganisa iindawo ezikhupha i-ammonia kunye ne-elemental dispersion, inceda ukuthotyelwa kwemigaqo ejolise ekukhutshweni kwezimbiwa. Ukungenelela kwe-resilings ekhuselekileyo kuxhomekeke kuhlalutyo lwe-XRF lweesampuli zemingxunya yokuqhuma ukuze kuchongwe ukuxinana okufanelekileyo, kunciphisa ukuphathwa kwenkunkuma engeyomfuneko.
Ukwandisa i-ROI by In-Situ XRF Mineral Ini-struingqondos
Ixesha leesampuli ukuze ziphendulwe liyehla ukusuka kwiintsuku ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-7 ukuya ngaphantsi kwemizuzu emihlanu ngomngxuma ngamnye wokuqhushumba, kunciphisa iindleko zokulinda ukuya kuthi ga kwi-70%. Kwiiprojekthi ezisebenzisa iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokuhlola izimbiwa ezinqabileyo zomhlaba, uvavanyo lwe-XRF kwindawo yokuhlola izimbiwa lugcina i-$30–$70 ngesampulu nganye ekuthunyelweni, ekuphathweni, nakuhlalutyo lwelebhu. Ukuthathwa kwesampulu yemingxunya yokumba elungiselelweyo yezimbiwa kunye nokujoliswa kwe-ore okuphuculweyo kubangela ukwanda okubhaliweyo kwe-12–20% ekubuyiselweni kwezixhobo, kunciphisa ukucutshungulwa kwezinto ezingezizo i-ore kunye neendleko ezinxulumene noko.
Abaqhubi bavavanya iimfuno zokuphuma kwemveliso ngokusekelwe kwiindlela zokuthatha iisampulu zemingxunya yokuqhushumba kunye nomhlaba. Ubungakanani bedatha yeprojekthi, ukuhlanganiswa nesoftware yokucwangcisa imigodi, kunye nengxelo yokusingqongileyo yokukhupha izimbiwa ezinqabileyo zomhlaba. Ukuqalisa ukuthunyelwa, chaza indlela osebenza ngayo, ukuphuma kwemveliso oyifunayo, kunye nemida yemithetho.
Ixesha leposi: Matshi-11-2026
